The canadian runway friction index crfi and the international runway friction index irfi are two major outcomes from these efforts to harmonize ground vehicle friction measurements and to identify the relationship to aircraft stopping performance. The latest version of the canadian airport charts is available in pdf on the. Runway friction coefficient should be measured at least daily and reported via notam if needed. Pilots should be prepared for deteriorating braking conditions and should request current runway condition information if not volunteered by controllers. Canadian runway friction index post by dhc5 fri sep 02, 2011 7. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Additional data was gathered on runway surfaces with very low friction indices, such as those covered with smooth ice and having a canadian runway friction index crfi as low as 0. Adequate runway friction between aircraft tyres and the surface of a runway is of great importance to conduct safe operations. Friction of runway free download as powerpoint presentation. Mar 16, 2005 adequate runway friction between aircraft tyres and the surface of a runway is of great importance to conduct safe operations.
Runway friction measurement and reporting fpaw fall 2015 meeting josh paurus msp international airport. Our team has specialized in the field of friction testing since the 1970s, and our experience has enabled us to design and build the sarsys surface volvo friction tester svft, sarsys surface friction tester transporter sftt, sarsys surface trailer. Ground friction measuring device gfmd were to make a measurement run and report the friction of index of each particular device which in turn was to be used to calculate and report. For m ore information refer to the following publication. Tests results that show adequate friction values meet the requirements of part 9 annual inspection and can be substituted for runway rubber removal operations.
The report suggests normalized friction measurements for the comparison of friction measurement devices and segmented runway condition maps to monitor friction at airports. Runway friction characteristics measurement and aircraft braking rufab. These substances, due to their high waterice content, will have a transparent rather than a cloudy. Enhancement of surface friction where challenged by water contamination can be achieved by grooving a runway surface to aid more rapid water dispersal. Nacs friction testing equipment computes and records friction and contaminant average for each third of the runway.
Yager langley research center, hampton, virginia nasatm110,186 friction projects research center nasa tirerunway nasa. Typically, the water content, density, temperature. International friction index ifi piarc has developed friction slip speed model piarc model as shown in figure 1 and determined golden. Icao friction task force itf is working on assessment and reporting of runway surface conditions and it is expected that a global format for reporting runway surface conditions will be one of the elements of the itf report. The friction has been eliminated or compensated any further force which is applied which would be a net force or resultant force will cause the trolley to accelerate and the acceleration of the trolley would then be equivalent to gravitational acceleration if the force is a result of a falling body pulling the trolley. International friction index ifi piarc has developed friction slip speed model piarc model as shown in figure 1 and determined golden values of speed number gs and golden value of friction gf60 based on the results of international experiment. Aircraft and ground vehicle winter runway friction assessment. Runway friction measurement status international airport. Appendix e canadian runway friction index recommended landing distances no. Our experienced certified airport planners will work with your contractors to make sure theyre following faa standards. The timely and accurate measurement of runway friction. Nac is the leading manufacturer of the most advanced friction measurement devices. Various specifications exist for grooving but most are the same as or close to the faa version, which is 6mm 0.
Aircraft and ground vehicle winter runway friction assessment by thomas j. The average of the runway friction as measured by a mechanical or electronic decelerometer. Terry townshend, townshend technical services, bolton, on. The joint faanasa aircraftground vehicle runway friction program is aimed at obtaining a better understanding of aircraft ground handling performance under a variety of adverse weather conditions and seeks to define relationships between aircraft and ground vehicle tire friction measurements. Transtec can also provide friction testing for your project and help you understand and interpret testing results. Our team has specialized in the field of friction testing since the 1970s, and our experience has enabled us to design and build the sarsys surface volvo friction tester svft, sarsys surface friction tester transporter. Use of continuous friction measurement equipment to. Workshop runway friction and aircraft braking the way forward. Runway friction measurement, laser measuring equipment, boeing bump index, runway cleaning systems, runway snow clearing, glycol recovery moventor oy is a modern, international, strongly growing and developing manufacturing company, highly specialised in friction measurement and the airport equipment business. Cap 781 runway rehabilitation civil aviation authority. Transport canada aeronautical information manual, 1.
The aircraft braking performance during full antiskid braking runs on snow covered runway surfaces agreed very well with data from previous testing. Two international aviation conferences have been held in. Uncertainty limits for an aircraftbased runway friction assessment method angela campbell, ph. Runway friction and strength research international airport. Fr runway friction characteristics measurement and aircraft braking rufab iii volume 1 summary table of contents. The aibn has found that sanding, which has been used for many years to treat contaminated runways, is most effective in low temperatures and dry weather conditions, while on wet ice or loose contamination that is, wet or dry. Canada has a system based on the canadian runway friction index crfi. How best to determine runwayhighway pavement surface friction. All files would be loaded onto a website, such as perhaps, easas sinapse.
During the time that braking action advisories are in effect, atc will issue the latest braking action report for the runway in use to each arriving and departing aircraft. Runway runway closure time sft pre run pre run snow depth runway open time sft post run post run snow depth et 3 runway runway closure time. Means the average of friction measurements taken on runway surfaces with freezing or frozen contaminants present, using a mechanical or electronic decelerometer. Introduction occurrences of runway overruns and veer. We offer runway and helideckhelipad friction measurement for the initial evaluation following new construction, resurfacing, or as will be required to ensure that the runway surface friction characteristics meets requirements for safe operation and also ensures that adequate surface friction is maintained at all times regardless of the runway surface condition to comply with appropriate. Improving airport runway braking analysis through innovative modeling by cheng zhang a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of master of applied science in civil engineering waterloo, ontario, canada, 2014 cheng zhang 2014. Cap 683 the assessment of runway surface friction characteristics glossary page 1 glossary for the purpose of a runway surface friction assessment the following definitions apply. Dry friction is a force that opposes the relative lateral motion of two solid surfaces in contact. Dry friction is subdivided into static friction stiction between nonmoving surfaces, and kinetic friction between moving.
These efforts have focused on aspects including correlation of different devices, development of a common international runway friction index and correlation of friction testing devices with aircraft braking performance. Runway friction and strength research international. Scandinavian airport and road systems sarsysasft design, manufactures and markets runway surface friction testing equipment for airports. Although there are a variety of devices available for measuring runway surface friction, transport canada has.
Correlation of ground friction measurements to aircraft braking friction calculated from flight data recorders by rado, z. The average decelerometer reading of each runway is reported as the canadian runway. The joint faanasa aircraftground vehicle runway friction. Evidence from recent aircraft overrun and veer off accidents on wet runways show that the runway friction characteristics versus aircraft braking performance were often a contributing factor. Typically, the water content, density, temperature of air, contaminant and. Astm astm international is a standards organisation.
Improving airport runway braking analysis through innovative. Association, and the international runway friction index, as proposed by the joint winter runway friction measurement program, are briefly presented and discussed. We can develop construction specifications to help ensure your road or airport runway project achieves suitable pavement friction properties and safety levels. Langley 20 p n96392 unclas g305 0064076 june 1995 national aeronautics and space administration langley research center hampton, virginia 23681. Pdf variation of friction coefficient of airport runway. Many members of committee e17 have been part of an ongoing research into friction measurement and measuring devices.
Use of continuous friction measurement equipment to predict runway condition rating on unpaved runways. International runway friction index irfi versus aircraft. Benefitcost analysis of procedures for accounting for runway friction on landing. We offer runway and helideckhelipad friction measurement for the initial evaluation following new construction, resurfacing, or as will be required to ensure that the runway surface friction characteristics meets requirements for safe operation and also ensures that adequate surface friction is maintained at all times regardless of the runway surface condition to comply with.
Runway surface condition assessment, measurement and. Rely on nacs airport friction measurement equipment for accurate and repeatable friction data reporting. The national aeronautics and space administration nasa, transport canada tc and. International runway friction index irfi, will be keyed to all types of aircraft stopping performance. Manufacturers perspective runway friction and aircraft. Correlation of ground friction measurements to aircraft. The program involves extensive runway friction and roughness measurements at some 100 airports annually. Canadian runway friction index crfi transport canada aeronautical information manual, 1. Workshop runway friction and aircraft braking the way. Friction needs to be sufficiently high to allow directional control of aircraft on landing and efficient braking over the available runway distance. Tradewind scientific has carried out the transport canada national runway test program since 1981.
Uncertainty limits for an aircraft based runway friction. Airport runway friction testing results click on a solid green airport for detailed runway friction data. The final edited version may still undergo alterations in the process of editing. Information from canadian aip canadian runway friction index also see history of the icao ice and snow table. Runway friction tester, from icao doc 97, part 2, figure 56. Irfi international runway friction index ittv instrumented tire test vehicle jwrfmp joint winter runway friction measurement program lltt landing loads test track. From this substantial friction database, engineers have developed an international runway friction index irfi to standardise friction reporting from different devices and to assist pilots in making critical takeoff and landing decisions. Airport runway friction testing results welcome to south. This document is an unedited advance versioof an icao publication as approved, in n principle, by the secretary general, which is made available for convenience. An evaluation of winter operational runway friction.
Friction is measured for each third of the runway, in a direction parallel to the runway centerline. Recent projects also include airfield friction surveys at commercial and military airports in the u. Yager senior research engineer nasa langley research center presented at the international forum on aeroelasticity and structural dynamics june 2225, 1999 williamsburg, va abstract some background information is given together with the scope and objectives of a 5year. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Aviation investigation report a15q0075 transportation safety. Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. Runway friction index irfi and the corresponding mathematical. Runway friction performance in nz toan, dv 1 introduction friction on a runway is, of course, a key pavement characteristic for the safe operation of aircraft. Canadian civil aerodromes at canadian aerodromes where snow removal and ice control operations are conducted, assessment and mitigation procedures, are carried out to the extent that is practicable in order to provide movement surfaces that will permit safe operational use. Fr runway friction characteristics measurement and aircraft braking 19 volume 4 operational friction. Typical mu values for an aircraft travelling at 65kmhr would be around 0.
Standard practice for calculating the international runway. Runway surface condition assessment, measurement and reporting. Manufacturers perspective runway friction and aircraft performance michael roginski, pe, principal engineer boeing airport technology group. The canadian runway friction index crfi is used in canada. Friction testing with the griptester cfme continuous measuring friction equipment will identify the areas that require cleaning saving thousands of dollars in maintenance expense. In canada, a james brake index jbi chart was developed.
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